Don’t Cry over Spilled or Spilt Milk?: Nuanced Semanto-Pragmatic Differences Between -ed and -t in English
نویسندگان
چکیده
Modern English has a small set of verbs that show variability between the inflections -ed and ­-t as preterite past participle morphemes (Peters et al., 2022; Quirk, 1970). Examples include: burn, spoil, spill, learn, dream, spell, smell, kneel, dwell, leap, lean While is thought to be more prevalent form in U.S. Englishes, -t widespread U.K. dialects (as related both perfect forms) (Cambridge Dictionary, 2023; HarperCollins, 2023). However, spite this difference being regularly deemed dialectal 2023), according some scholars (e.g., Peters 1970), choice one or other may carry semantic consequences. For instance, whereas participial contexts understood representing imperfective actions, might associated with perfectivity (Quirk, With mind, present paper had its objective further explore meaning differences come about use either inflection.
 
 In sections come, I add aforementioned discussion by pointing out that, adjectival environments, aspectual two can analogized PLIANT INTERRUPTIBLE (-ed) vs. NON-COMPLIANT TERMINAL (-t). explain while tends interpreted tied modifiable malleable events, read signaling those which are fixed unyielding. The findings discussed significant for several reasons: 1) they shed light on each inflected preferred; 2) very few academic works acknowledge any differences, than regional preference; 3) my knowledge, no previous scholarly article focused their uses exclusively, environments.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: International Journal of English Linguistics
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['1923-869X', '1923-8703']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v13n3p1